<p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><font face="宋体">为使纱线具有一定的强力、弹性、伸长、光泽、手感等物理机械性能的纱线</font>,<font face="宋体">必须通过加捻改变棉纱</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">由纤维结构来实现纱线加捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">其实就是利用棉纱横截面间产生相对角位移</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">使原来伸直平行之纤维与纱轴发生倾斜来改变纱线结构</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">粗条在加捻过程由宽度逐渐收缩</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">两侧逐渐折迭而卷入纱线条中心</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">形成加捻三角形</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">在加捻三角形中</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">棉条的宽度和截面发生变化</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">从扁平带状</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">逐渐成圆柱形的纱。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(1).<font face="宋体">捻回之定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">纱条绕其轴心旋转</font><font face="Times New Roman">360</font><font face="宋体">度即为一个捻回。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(2).<font face="宋体">捻度之定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">纱条在退捻前的规定长度内的捻回数</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">通常为每英吋之捻回数目</font><font face="Times New Roman">( T.P.I )</font><font face="宋体">或每公尺之捻回数目</font><font face="Times New Roman">( T.P.M )</font><font face="宋体">表示。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(3).<font face="宋体">捻系数定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">是纱线加捻程度的量度</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">按每单位长度的捻回。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> T. M:<font face="宋体">数乘以纱线密度的平方根计算。</font><font face="Times New Roman">T.M = T.P.I /</font><font face="宋体">纱支的平方根</font><font face="Times New Roman">T.P.I = T.M x</font><font face="宋体">纱支的平方根</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(4).<font face="宋体">捻向定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">当纱条处于铅直位置时</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">组成纱条的单元绕纱条轴心旋转形成的螺旋线的倾斜方向。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(5). S<font face="宋体">捻定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">纱条中纤维的倾斜方向与字母</font><font face="Times New Roman">S</font><font face="宋体">中部相一致</font><font face="Times New Roman">.</font><font face="宋体">为右手方向或顺时针方向之捻回纱。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(6). Z<font face="宋体">捻定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">纱条中纤维的倾斜方向与字母</font><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font><font face="宋体">中部相一致</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">为左手方向或逆时针方向之捻回纱。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><font face="宋体">二</font> <font face="宋体">捻度测试</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> <font face="宋体">捻度通常不是均匀地分配在整根纱上,作测试捻度时要离开一码取样,捻度测试仪有很多种,大致设计都相同,首先把纱线被支撑点左边的钳夹住,然后拉至右边的旋转夹,刻度盘的指针为零度,将纱线夹在旋转夹上,样本纱线约</font><font face="Times New Roman">10</font><font face="宋体">或</font><font face="Times New Roman">20</font><font face="宋体">英吋,当旋转夹转动时,捻度被解开,当所有捻度消失时,旋转夹沿同一方向继续旋转直到捻度重新加入,指针向零标志。转数表记录总转数,总圈数除二,再除样本长度,计算出每英吋捻度。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><font face="宋体">三</font> <font face="宋体">捻度与强力的关系</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> <font face="宋体">将纱线拉伸到断裂时</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">发现断裂截面上并不是所有纤维都断裂</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">而是一部份纤维断裂</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">另一部份纤维滑脱</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">且断裂的那部份纤维也不是同时断裂</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">这种断裂性能和单纱强力与纱的捻度有着密切的关系</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">随着捻度的增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">纱线强力继续增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">但到一定捻度之后</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">继续加捻度</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">强力反而下降</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">有利方面是捻度增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">纤维间摩擦阻力增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">使在断裂过程中强力的成分增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">不利方面是捻度增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">纤维与纱条轴线的倾角加大纤维强力在纱条轴向能承受的分力降低</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">而且捻度过大会增加纱条内外纤维应力分布不匀</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">加剧纤维断裂的不同时性</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">使强力随捻度增大而增大</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">两者相等时强力最大</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">这时捻度为临界捻度</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">与临界捻度相对应的捻系数称为临界系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">.</font><font face="宋体">捻度增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">捻回角度增大</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">光向旁边侧面反射</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">光泽差、手感差</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">反之手感软</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">但捻度过小发生毛羽、手感松</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">光泽不一定好。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> <font face="宋体">捻系数及捻向主决于最后产品的质量要求</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">不同用途捻系数不同</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">捻向视成品及后加工的需要而定</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">为了减少纱线机上翻改和操作的不便</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">一般皆为</font><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font><font face="宋体">捻向。如纤维长度长、细度细、品级高之棉花</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">捻系数可较少</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">细号纱比粗号纱捻系数大</font><font face="Times New Roman">.</font><font face="宋体">伸长率为棉纱在一定拉伸负荷下</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">棉纱受到拉伸而伸长</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">其长度称为总伸长</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">当负荷去除后</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">被拉伸的棉纱很快回缩</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">而不能回复到原来长度这个可缩的长度</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">为弹性伸长</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">即弹性伸长与总伸长之百分比</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">纱的弹性随着捻度的增加而增大</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">但到一定捻度后开始下降</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">一般采用捻度接近于弹性最大的捻度范围。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> <font face="宋体">常用捻系数,梳织经纱较高,而针织一般较低,约</font><font face="Times New Roman">3.5-3.6</font><font face="宋体">。因纱线之用途各异,有不同之捻系数纱线产品,按日本纺织计算数据,分为:普通捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=4.0(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">, 松捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=3.4(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">, 特别松捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=1.32-2.8(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">, 强捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=5.0-5.4(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">,特别强捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=5.0-6.5(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">。 高捻纱一般要经过蒸纱工序才能编织用,有时更需加装解扭器才能编织</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> </span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><!--EndFragment-->"/>
<p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><font face="宋体">为使纱线具有一定的强力、弹性、伸长、光泽、手感等物理机械性能的纱线</font>,<font face="宋体">必须通过加捻改变棉纱</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">由纤维结构来实现纱线加捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">其实就是利用棉纱横截面间产生相对角位移</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">使原来伸直平行之纤维与纱轴发生倾斜来改变纱线结构</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">粗条在加捻过程由宽度逐渐收缩</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">两侧逐渐折迭而卷入纱线条中心</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">形成加捻三角形</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">在加捻三角形中</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">棉条的宽度和截面发生变化</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">从扁平带状</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">逐渐成圆柱形的纱。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(1).<font face="宋体">捻回之定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">纱条绕其轴心旋转</font><font face="Times New Roman">360</font><font face="宋体">度即为一个捻回。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(2).<font face="宋体">捻度之定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">纱条在退捻前的规定长度内的捻回数</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">通常为每英吋之捻回数目</font><font face="Times New Roman">( T.P.I )</font><font face="宋体">或每公尺之捻回数目</font><font face="Times New Roman">( T.P.M )</font><font face="宋体">表示。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(3).<font face="宋体">捻系数定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">是纱线加捻程度的量度</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">按每单位长度的捻回。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> T. M:<font face="宋体">数乘以纱线密度的平方根计算。</font><font face="Times New Roman">T.M = T.P.I /</font><font face="宋体">纱支的平方根</font><font face="Times New Roman">T.P.I = T.M x</font><font face="宋体">纱支的平方根</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(4).<font face="宋体">捻向定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">当纱条处于铅直位置时</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">组成纱条的单元绕纱条轴心旋转形成的螺旋线的倾斜方向。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(5). S<font face="宋体">捻定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">纱条中纤维的倾斜方向与字母</font><font face="Times New Roman">S</font><font face="宋体">中部相一致</font><font face="Times New Roman">.</font><font face="宋体">为右手方向或顺时针方向之捻回纱。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´>(6). Z<font face="宋体">捻定义</font><font face="Times New Roman">:</font><font face="宋体">纱条中纤维的倾斜方向与字母</font><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font><font face="宋体">中部相一致</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">为左手方向或逆时针方向之捻回纱。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><font face="宋体">二</font> <font face="宋体">捻度测试</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> <font face="宋体">捻度通常不是均匀地分配在整根纱上,作测试捻度时要离开一码取样,捻度测试仪有很多种,大致设计都相同,首先把纱线被支撑点左边的钳夹住,然后拉至右边的旋转夹,刻度盘的指针为零度,将纱线夹在旋转夹上,样本纱线约</font><font face="Times New Roman">10</font><font face="宋体">或</font><font face="Times New Roman">20</font><font face="宋体">英吋,当旋转夹转动时,捻度被解开,当所有捻度消失时,旋转夹沿同一方向继续旋转直到捻度重新加入,指针向零标志。转数表记录总转数,总圈数除二,再除样本长度,计算出每英吋捻度。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><font face="宋体">三</font> <font face="宋体">捻度与强力的关系</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> <font face="宋体">将纱线拉伸到断裂时</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">发现断裂截面上并不是所有纤维都断裂</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">而是一部份纤维断裂</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">另一部份纤维滑脱</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">且断裂的那部份纤维也不是同时断裂</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">这种断裂性能和单纱强力与纱的捻度有着密切的关系</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">随着捻度的增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">纱线强力继续增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">但到一定捻度之后</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">继续加捻度</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">强力反而下降</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">有利方面是捻度增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">纤维间摩擦阻力增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">使在断裂过程中强力的成分增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">不利方面是捻度增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">纤维与纱条轴线的倾角加大纤维强力在纱条轴向能承受的分力降低</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">而且捻度过大会增加纱条内外纤维应力分布不匀</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">加剧纤维断裂的不同时性</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">使强力随捻度增大而增大</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">两者相等时强力最大</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">这时捻度为临界捻度</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">与临界捻度相对应的捻系数称为临界系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">.</font><font face="宋体">捻度增加</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">捻回角度增大</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">光向旁边侧面反射</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">光泽差、手感差</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">反之手感软</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">但捻度过小发生毛羽、手感松</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">光泽不一定好。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> <font face="宋体">捻系数及捻向主决于最后产品的质量要求</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">不同用途捻系数不同</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">捻向视成品及后加工的需要而定</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">为了减少纱线机上翻改和操作的不便</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">一般皆为</font><font face="Times New Roman">Z</font><font face="宋体">捻向。如纤维长度长、细度细、品级高之棉花</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">捻系数可较少</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">细号纱比粗号纱捻系数大</font><font face="Times New Roman">.</font><font face="宋体">伸长率为棉纱在一定拉伸负荷下</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">棉纱受到拉伸而伸长</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">其长度称为总伸长</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">当负荷去除后</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">被拉伸的棉纱很快回缩</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">而不能回复到原来长度这个可缩的长度</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">为弹性伸长</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">即弹性伸长与总伸长之百分比</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">纱的弹性随着捻度的增加而增大</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">但到一定捻度后开始下降</font><font face="Times New Roman">,</font><font face="宋体">一般采用捻度接近于弹性最大的捻度范围。</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> <font face="宋体">常用捻系数,梳织经纱较高,而针织一般较低,约</font><font face="Times New Roman">3.5-3.6</font><font face="宋体">。因纱线之用途各异,有不同之捻系数纱线产品,按日本纺织计算数据,分为:普通捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=4.0(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">, 松捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=3.4(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">, 特别松捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=1.32-2.8(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">, 强捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=5.0-5.4(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">,特别强捻</font><font face="Times New Roman">=5.0-6.5(</font><font face="宋体">捻系数</font><font face="Times New Roman">)</font><font face="宋体">。 高捻纱一般要经过蒸纱工序才能编织用,有时更需加装解扭器才能编织</font></span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´> </span><span style=´font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;´><o:p></o:p></span></p><!--EndFragment-->"/>

纱线捻度(TWIST)的认识

1 楼

为使纱线具有一定的强力、弹性、伸长、光泽、手感等物理机械性能的纱线,必须通过加捻改变棉纱,由纤维结构来实现纱线加捻,其实就是利用棉纱横截面间产生相对角位移,使原来伸直平行之纤维与纱轴发生倾斜来改变纱线结构,粗条在加捻过程由宽度逐渐收缩,两侧逐渐折迭而卷入纱线条中心,形成加捻三角形,在加捻三角形中,棉条的宽度和截面发生变化,从扁平带状,逐渐成圆柱形的纱。

(1).捻回之定义:纱条绕其轴心旋转360度即为一个捻回。

(2).捻度之定义:纱条在退捻前的规定长度内的捻回数,通常为每英吋之捻回数目( T.P.I )或每公尺之捻回数目( T.P.M )表示。

(3).捻系数定义:是纱线加捻程度的量度,按每单位长度的捻回。

T. M:数乘以纱线密度的平方根计算。T.M = T.P.I /纱支的平方根T.P.I = T.M x纱支的平方根

(4).捻向定义:当纱条处于铅直位置时,组成纱条的单元绕纱条轴心旋转形成的螺旋线的倾斜方向。

(5). S捻定义:纱条中纤维的倾斜方向与字母S中部相一致.为右手方向或顺时针方向之捻回纱。

(6). Z捻定义:纱条中纤维的倾斜方向与字母Z中部相一致,为左手方向或逆时针方向之捻回纱。

捻度测试

捻度通常不是均匀地分配在整根纱上,作测试捻度时要离开一码取样,捻度测试仪有很多种,大致设计都相同,首先把纱线被支撑点左边的钳夹住,然后拉至右边的旋转夹,刻度盘的指针为零度,将纱线夹在旋转夹上,样本纱线约1020英吋,当旋转夹转动时,捻度被解开,当所有捻度消失时,旋转夹沿同一方向继续旋转直到捻度重新加入,指针向零标志。转数表记录总转数,总圈数除二,再除样本长度,计算出每英吋捻度。

捻度与强力的关系

将纱线拉伸到断裂时,发现断裂截面上并不是所有纤维都断裂,而是一部份纤维断裂,另一部份纤维滑脱,且断裂的那部份纤维也不是同时断裂,这种断裂性能和单纱强力与纱的捻度有着密切的关系,随着捻度的增加,纱线强力继续增加,但到一定捻度之后,继续加捻度,强力反而下降,有利方面是捻度增加,纤维间摩擦阻力增加,使在断裂过程中强力的成分增加,不利方面是捻度增加,纤维与纱条轴线的倾角加大纤维强力在纱条轴向能承受的分力降低,而且捻度过大会增加纱条内外纤维应力分布不匀,加剧纤维断裂的不同时性,使强力随捻度增大而增大,两者相等时强力最大,这时捻度为临界捻度,与临界捻度相对应的捻系数称为临界系数.捻度增加,捻回角度增大,光向旁边侧面反射,光泽差、手感差,反之手感软,但捻度过小发生毛羽、手感松,光泽不一定好。

捻系数及捻向主决于最后产品的质量要求,不同用途捻系数不同,捻向视成品及后加工的需要而定,为了减少纱线机上翻改和操作的不便,一般皆为Z捻向。如纤维长度长、细度细、品级高之棉花,捻系数可较少,细号纱比粗号纱捻系数大.伸长率为棉纱在一定拉伸负荷下,棉纱受到拉伸而伸长,其长度称为总伸长,当负荷去除后,被拉伸的棉纱很快回缩,而不能回复到原来长度这个可缩的长度,为弹性伸长,即弹性伸长与总伸长之百分比,纱的弹性随着捻度的增加而增大,但到一定捻度后开始下降,一般采用捻度接近于弹性最大的捻度范围。

常用捻系数,梳织经纱较高,而针织一般较低,约3.5-3.6。因纱线之用途各异,有不同之捻系数纱线产品,按日本纺织计算数据,分为:普通捻=4.0(捻系数), 松捻=3.4(捻系数), 特别松捻=1.32-2.8(捻系数), 强捻=5.0-5.4(捻系数),特别强捻=5.0-6.5(捻系数)。 高捻纱一般要经过蒸纱工序才能编织用,有时更需加装解扭器才能编织

2016-09-01 20:25:16